The history of the prophets` life indicates that all of them have followed the same plans to invite people to the principles, without any difference. When a prophet revealed his invitation with some reasons, his addressed people were divided into believers and disbelievers. Belief is a matter of gradation in weakness and strength. Some grades of belief may be somehow mixed up with some kind of hidden idolatry. According to religious teachings, the criterion believers` existential grading and promoting lies in righteous and Divinely satisfied deeds; that is, belief and righteous action may be complement with regard to each other. The goodness and merit of one`s action as well as its agent`s righteousness are based on one`s grade of belief, and again, belief leads to the strength of belief. A Muslim always lives in the grades of Islam and faith. Comprehensively defined, disbelief is denial of Divinity, monotheism, prophecy, and a necessity of religion as such. This study has sought to analyze the grades of belief and disbelief and to examine the misleading definitions of belief and its relationship with action during the history of Islam and its effect in appearance of such groups as Kharijites, Murjieh, Mu'tazilites and Ash'arites, and attempts to discover the most important deviation in the views during the early days and centuries of Islam in the field.

Given the unique characteristics of youth and the mosque's potential in manifesting its educational and nurturing functions for human prosperity, the connection between youth and the mosque is not just a choice but a necessity. What makes this research important is the contemporary changes in Iranian society and the decline of religious inclinations and behaviors among the youth. Therefore, the issue of youth engagement with the mosque is a primary concern for the highest authorities in Iran. This study aims to examine the most important components and factors influencing the increased engagement of youth with the mosque.This research is descriptive-survey in nature, utilizing interviews and the Delphi method to explore the factors affecting youth-mosque relations. The data analysis uses thematic analysis, resulting in 61 basic themes, 7 organizing themes, and 3 overarching themes. The revival of traditional mosque functions alongside the central role of the mosque in various matters, as well as the high level of education and knowledge of the imam, are considered the most important factors for increasing youth engagement with the mosque. The most important recommendations to improve youth engagement with the mosque include promoting significant initiatives such as the Salehin plan and establishing a mosque policy council.

The present paper is a descriptive-analytical study that has studied the word and concept of righteous and the position of righteous in the Holy Quran. The researcher seeks to answer these questions: What are the meanings of the word "righteous" in the Holy Quran? What does righteous deed mean in the Qur'an? The results of the research indicate that the word "righteous" in the Qur'an has different meanings. From the perspective of the Holy Qur'an and by examining different interpretations of commentators, it became clear that all interpretations agree on the belief that the righteous have a high position in the Qur'an. Given the goodness of nature, its value and dignity are higher than the goodness of action, and because of that, Prophet Soleiman first asked to succeed in righteous action and then asked to give his inherent goodness. in fact, he graded his requests and went from the bottom to the highest demands. Good deeds alone are not enough and joining a group of righteous people is important. Sometimes the deed is righteous, but the result is deviant and human being does not end up doing well and although the deed is righteous, there is a kind of one_ sidedness in it and human being is not willing to be with God's servants.

The present article intends to examine the position of the rights of religious minorities in the issue of self-determination in Iranian law and international documents. This research tries to answer the basic question of how the rights of religious minorities in the Iranian legal regime are explained by a descriptive and analytical approach and by the method of collecting documentary and library data. And to what extent do these rights represent the realization of the principle of self-determination? This research is based on the hypothesis that accepting and trying to realize the principle of self-determination, regarding minorities in general and religious minorities in particular, will never indicate a law according to which minorities can claim independence. Rather, the goal in this identification is to enjoy, without discrimination, the political and judicial rights that the majority of society enjoys. The result of the research shows that c. ا. Iran has recognized the rights of religious minorities, and equated them with the majority of society in determining its own destiny. The difference between Iranian law and international law is the lack of recognition of all religious groups,That is, they become compatible with international instruments that seek to identify all sects and ideological groups as religious minorities.

The proof for the existence of God and the possibility of the knowledge of his attributes is a major problem of philosophy. Among the various proofs, the proof of the righteous is a prominent and enduring proof in Islamic philosophy. In the following we present Avicenna's formulation and the later development of it.

A righteous deed is the sign and supplement of the faith can be destroyed due to pestilence or moralistic and mental illness. In this article after the introduction of some Qur'anic verses that refer to the deleting Acts of unbelievers, introduced two pests of righteous deed that delete the acts. Selfhood and people love his acts and know that acts from himself, not from God and divine success and know himself out of worship and other righteous deeds and another pest, the assumption of God and prophet and his servants due to heart faith and the good thing he has done, these two deadly pests Like two toxic poisons stops the divine success and instead of advancement in this world and hereafter, defeated the person who has this pest and stops the advancement of him and makes the sequel to evil.

Introduction: Effective plaque removal is an important factor in the long-term clinical success of dental implants. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of a powered toothbrush (Power Cross-Action) and a manual toothbrush (Cross-Action) in the control of plaque and soft tissue inflammation around implants supporting mandibular overdentures.Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-over clinical trial. The subjects included 10 edentulous subjects, aged 47-73 years, with removable mandibular overdentures supported by 2 unsplinted implants, all the subjects wore maxillary complete dentures. The study consisted of two 4-week phases separated by a 2-week interval. In each phase each subject randomly used one toothbrush type. Two days prior to each phase, the implants were polished. Plaque and bleeding indices were recorded before and after brushing. Data was analyzed by t-test using SPSS software (a=0.05).Results: Both toothbrushes reduced the indices under study. Means of plaque index decreases were 0.5 in manual toothbrush and 0.44 in powered toothbrush. Means of bleeding index decreases were 0.27 in manual toothbrush and 0.3 in powered toothbrush. There were no statistically significant differences between the two toothbrush types in changing plaque index (p value=0.88) and bleeding index (p value=0.91).Conclusion: Both toothbrushes were efficient in plaque control around implants which supported mandibular overdentures and there was no difference between them. Patients can use one of these toothbrushes depending on personal preference and comfort.

Objective: Mechanical plaque removal namely tooth brushing is the most commonly used oral hygiene technique. Efficacy of tooth brushing is influenced by the design and shape of toothbrush. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two common Iranian toothbrushes with a foreign made one in plaque removal.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 30 female dental students in Babol University, School of Dentistry using simple randomized sampling. Oral B Cross Action(Germany), Panberes Cross Action and Panberes Classic (Iran) toothbrushes were compared. Students were asked not to brush their teeth for 24 hours before the first visit. At the first visit, subjects received oral prophylactic procedures and the baseline plaque index was recorded before brushing for all subjects using 0' Leary plaque index. In order to match the conditions, Bass tooth brushing technique was instructed to subjects. Students were then randomly divided into 3 groups of 10. The subjects were provided with the three toothbrushes for use in the first, second and third weeks. The plaque index was recorded after using each toothbrush for one week. Paired t-test was used to compare the efficacy of toothbrushes in plaque removal in the same subject while ANOV A was applied for the comparison between the three toothbrushes.Results: Significant reductions were observed in plaque index after using each toothbrush. Plaque index reduction was the highest for Oral B Cross Action and the lowest for Panberes Classic (P=0.001). Oral B Cross Action and a significant difference with Panberes Classic in mean plaque index reduction (P=0.018). Panberes Cross Action and Oral B Cross Action were not significantly different in this respect (P=0=797).Conclusion: Oral B Cross Action and Panberes Cross Action were not significantly different in terms of plaque index reduction. However, the mentioned two toothbrushes had a significant difference in this respect with Panberes Classic.

Introduction: Arbitration has a contractual nature and is subject to the sovereignty of the will of the parties, but in some cases, the legislator imposed the referral of claims to arbitration on the will of the parties and caused the contractual nature of the arbitration clause to disappear or be limited. By doing this, he has placed the arbitration outside the will of the parties. This issue causes some moral conflicts in the discussion of compulsory arbitration. Therefore, this research has been done with the purpose of examining the position of compulsory arbitration in Iran's legal system and the ethical challenges in it with a descriptive-analytical approach. Material and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that compulsory arbitration in Iran has ethical challenges in the field of implementation and interpretation, the most important of which is the issue of the right to action and judicial justice. In the context of ambiguities in mandatory arbitration, even if the method of arbitration becomes ambiguous, the arbitrator has the duty to find out the will of the legislator with the principles and rules of interpretation, which creates a moral conflict for the arbitrator.